(b) where the subject matter of a patent is a process, to prevent third parties not having the owner’s consent from the act of using the process, and from the acts of: using, offering for sale, selling, or importing for these purposes at least the product obtained directly by that process. ↑

1. 1. -Article 30: Exceptions to Rights ConferredMembers may provide limited exceptions to the exclusive rights conferred by a patent, provided that such exceptions do not unreasonably conflict with a normal exploitation of the patent and do not unreasonably prejudice the legitimate interests of the patent owner, taking account of the legitimate interests of third parties. ↑

1. 1. – WTO Panel Report,Canada-Patent protection of pharmaceutical products.Available at: https://www.wto.org/english/tratop_e/dispu_e/cases_e/ds114_e.htm last visited12/5/2015 ↑

1. 1. – WTO Agreements and Public health. Op.cit. p 44 ↑

1. 1. –http://www.wipo.int/trademarks/en last visited10/10/2015 ↑

1. 1. – WTO Agreements and Public health.op.cit, p 40 ↑

1. 1. -نجفی بهزاد، پیشین، ص ۲۶۰ ↑

1. 1. -ماده ۱۸ موافقتنامه تریپس ↑

1. 1. – Counterfeit drugs ↑

1. 1. – WTO Agreements and Public health. Op.cit, p 40 ↑

1. 1. – Ibid.pp 39 ,40 ↑

1. 1. -Article 39.1: 1. In the course of ensuring effective protection against unfair competition as provided in Article 10bis of the Paris Convention (1967), Members shall protect undisclosed information in accordance with paragraph 2 and data submitted to governments or governmental agencies in accordance with paragraph 3. ↑

1. 1. -Article 8.1 :.Members may, in formulating or amending their laws and regulations, adopt measures necessary to protect public health and nutrition, and to promote the public interest in sectors of vital importance to their socio-economic and technological development, provided that such measures are consistent with the provisions of this Agreement. ↑

1. 1. – بزرگی وحید و توکل زهرا، پیشین، ص ۴۰ ↑

1. 1. – Doha Declaration on the TRIPS Agreement and Public Health. 2001 ↑

1. 1. -Article 27.2. Members may exclude from patentability inventions, the prevention within their territory of the commercial exploitation of which is necessary to protect ordre public or morality, including to protect human, animal or plant life or health or to avoid serious prejudice to the environment, provided that such exclusion is not made merely because the exploitation is prohibited by their law. ↑

1. 1. -Article 27.3: Members may also exclude from patentability:(a) diagnostic, therapeutic and surgical methods for the treatment of humans or animals… ↑

1. 1. – بزرگی وحید و زهرا توکل، پیشین، ص ۴۱ ↑

1. 1. – همان، ص۴۱ ↑

1. 1. — بزرگی وحید و زهرا توکل، پیشین، ص ۴۱ ↑

1. 1. – Compulsory licensing ↑

1. 1. – parallel imports ↑

1. 1. – Promoting Access to Medical Technologies and Innovation. Op.cit.p 87 ↑

1. 1. -Article 30: Members may provide limited exceptions to the exclusive rights conferred by a patent, provided that such exceptions do not unreasonably conflict with a normal exploitation of the patent and do not unreasonably prejudice the legitimate interests of the patent owner, taking account of the legitimate interests of third parties. ↑

1. 1. – WTO Agreements and Public health. Op.cit. p 44 ↑

1. 1. – WTO Panel Report,Canada-Patent protection of pharmaceutical products.Available at: https://www.wto.org/english/tratop_e/dispu_e/cases_e/ds114_e.htm last visited12/5/2015 ↑

1. 1. -Compulsory licensing ↑

1. 1. -وکیل امیر ساعد ،حمایت از مالکیت فکری در سازمان تجارت جهانی و حقوق ایران، مجد ۱۳۸۳، ص ۷۴ ↑

   

1. 1. -Abuse of right ↑

1. 1. -Public interest ↑

1. 1. -Frederick M. Abbott, Edward Ball Eminent Scholar Professor, Compulsory Licensing for Public Health Needs: The TRIPS Agenda at the WTO after the Doha Declaration on Public, healthQuaker UN Office ۲۰۰۲, p 4 ↑

1. 1. -Article 31: Where the law of a Member allows for other use7 of the subject matter of a patent without the authorization of the right holder, including use by the government or third parties authorized by the government ↑

1. 1. – WTO Agreements and Public health.op.cit, p45 ↑

1. 1. – Ibid. p 45 ↑

1. 1. – Doha Declaration on the TRIPS Agreement and Public Health 2001 ↑

1. 1. -Article 31(f): any such use shall be authorized predominantly for the supply of the domestic market of the Member authorizing such use ↑

1. 1. -Parallel importe ↑

1. 1. – صادقی محسن، حمایت از ابداعات دارویی و الحاق به سازمان تجارت جهانی،میزان۱۳۸۷، ص ۵۱۱-۵۱۲ ↑

1. 1. -موسوی زنوز موسی، پیشین، ص۲۹۴ ↑

1. 1. – T cottier , The Agreement on Trade-Related Aspect of Intellectual Property Rights,legal economic and Polotical Analysis,New York,Spiringer 2005.p 1069– و موسوی زنوز موسی، پیشین، ص ۲۹۲ ↑

1. 1. – شیخی مریم، چالش‌های حقوق مالکیت فکری در حوزه سلامت،‌فصل‌نامه علمی پژوهشی رفاه اجتماعی شماره ۲۰ سال ۸۵ ↑

1. 1. – Agreement on technical barriers to trade. ↑

1. 1. -فاطمه طیار،کارشناس مسئول صادرات و واردات. ر.ک به پورتابل سازمان ملی استاندارد ایران(Isiri.org) ↑

1. 1. – WTO Agreements and Public health.op.cit, p 32 ↑

1. 1. – WTO Agreements and Public health op.cit.p 32 ↑

1. 1. – www.wto.org/english/tratop_e/tbt_e/tbt_e.htm ↑

1. 1. – فاطمه طیار،کارشناس مسئول صادرات و واردات. ر.ک به پورتابل سازمان ملی استاندارد ایران(Isiri.org) ↑

1. 1. – WTO Agreements and Public health. Op.cit. p 33 ↑

1. 1. –کمالی اردکانی مسعود و سیدی میر هادی،استانداردها در سازمان تجارت جهانی،بررسی‌های بازرگانی شماره ۸ آبان ۸۳ ↑